LMLN and visceral leishmaniasis: Likewise, LdBob parasites20 have been cultured over decades and have lost the ability to proliferate inside bona fide macrophages or cause lethal visceral leishmaniasis in the experimental hamster infection16, with virulence attenuation resulting from the multiple genomic deletions observed by us and others that affect gp63 and various biopterin transporters32 (data not shown) shown to be essential for parasite infectivity33,34.