Similarly, L. plantarum LG42 administered to male C57BL/6J mice on a HFD for 12 weeks had significant anti-obesity effects such as lowered body weight, with a significant reduction in epididymal and back fat; decrease in hepatic triglyceride, serum insulin, and leptin levels; increased mRNA expression of PPARα and CPT-I; decreased levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, SREBP-1, and LXRα compared to control; reduced expression of PPARγ and its downstream genes [89]. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.