VEGFA and cancer: Other suggested mechanisms for this action in other cancer models include decreased expression of MMP-2 [29,77], -9 [66], and -13 [67], reducing the expression of HIF-1α [55,68], AQP1 [71], and HDAC3 [63], suppressing NF-κB and its products (c-Myc, COX-2, MMP-9) [55,64], inhibiting TGF-β1, inactivating proteins involved in EMT (p38 MAPK and Smad2) [29,55], downregulating FUT4 and EGFR mediated migration through MAPK and NF-κB [55,62], and decreasing the expression of VEGF [55] and VEGF dependent p38/ERK signaling [56] (Table 2).