E2F1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Indeed, adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) may actually exhibit inhibited autophagy in obesity.19 Moreover, a transcriptional activator of adipose tissue autophagy in obesity, E2F1, is up-regulated in the adipocyte cell fraction but not in the stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue in obesity.17 (2) Among the various alterations that occur in the adipose tissue milieu in obesity, which is/are the factor(s) that dysregulate autophagy?