However, a large, multicenter National Cancer Institute (NCI) Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) study in 836 patients reported similar areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI 0.80–0.85) for AFP and 0.81 (95% CI 0.78–0.84) for PIVKA-II for differentiating between HCC and cirrhosis [17]. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.