Indeed, Nuccitelli et al. recently reported that 100-ns pulses triggered apoptotic cell death accompanied by CTR exposure, ATP and HMGB1 release in three different tumor cell types (MCA 205 murine fibrosarcoma, Jurkat E6-1 human T-cell leukemia and McA-RH777 rat hepatocarcinoma)10. Here, HMGB1 is linked to T-cell leukemia.