NFATC4 and cardiac hypertrophy: It is well established that activation of Ca2+-CaN-NFATc4 signaling pathway is associated with mechanical or agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy (Molkentin et al., 1998; Bernt et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2016; Lu et al., 2017; Parra and Rothermel, 2017; van Middendorp et al., 2017).