However, the function of Nrf2 is not always protective in diseases, recent studies have identified that the gene expression of Nrf2 was associated with the pathogenesis, progression, and metastasis of cancer, resistance to cancer therapy, and the regulation of cancer cells metabolism, thereby suggesting that Nrf2 is a pleiotropic transcriptional factor (Karin and Dhar, 2016; Rojo de la Vega et al., 2018). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is cancer.