Urothelial hyperplasia and early stage, noninvasive bladder cancer frequently exhibit mutations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) as well as components of the phosphoinositide 2-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway3. This evidence concerns the gene FGFR3 and urinary bladder cancer.