Comparable to our observations in cancer cell lines, human fibroblasts with complete PGP knockout show 25-fold, 9-fold and 110-fold increases in 2-P-lactate, 4-P-erythronate and 6-P-gluconate, respectively (Supplementary Figure S9B,C,F), whereas phosphoglycolate and 3-P-glycerol levels remain unchanged or are reduced (Supplementary Figure S9D,E). Here, PGP is linked to cancer.