In contrast, a more recent study that used two‐dimensional (2‐DE) gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry, shows a decrease in the 50 kDa canonical GFAP protein in grade IV astrocytoma (although this protein is increased in grade III astrocytoma; Chumbalkar et al., 2005). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).