In addition, we found that TGFBR2 ablation resulted in a significant upregulation of Apoe in microglia, which has been linked with a reciprocal downregulation of TGFβ signaling in microglia, as well as an induction of a neurodegenerative microglial phenotype (Krasemann et al., 2017), that is also observed in profiling studies of brain microglia in models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease (Kang et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.