TGFB1 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: In addition, we found that TGFBR2 ablation resulted in a significant upregulation of Apoe in microglia, which has been linked with a reciprocal downregulation of TGFβ signaling in microglia, as well as an induction of a neurodegenerative microglial phenotype (Krasemann et al., 2017), that is also observed in profiling studies of brain microglia in models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease (Kang et al., 2018).