BDNF and major depressive disorder: In the long term, sleep disturbance and MDD are both related to the decreased BDNF, whereas a part of SD-treatment induce a fast increase in BDNF serum level within hours, which has antidepressive effects (29), In this study, we demonstrate, that activated NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to the SD-induced decrease in astrocytic BDNF levels.