CXCL8 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Exercise promotes increases in the systemic levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin (IL-10) (Balducci et al., 2010) and adiponectin (Miyazaki et al., 2010), and stimulates the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), a cytokine that acts as an angiogenic factor in human microvascular endothelial cells (Ostrowski et al., 2001), and is associated with insulin resistance and obesity (Bruun et al., 2003).