TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Exercise induced a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), thereby assisting the prevention or mitigation of such chronic-degenerative diseases such as obesity and diabetes (Kasapis and Thompson, 2005; Petersen and Pedersen, 2005).