GDNF-mediated RET activity also promotes cell proliferation, invasion and perineural spread in in vitro and preclinical animal models of prostate cancer and can be further enhanced in the presence of soluble forms of GFRα1 released by nerves (Gil et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2012; Ban et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene GDNF and prostate carcinoma.