CXCL8 and neoplasm: When released, these molecules may act directly on the tumor cell, leading to an autocrine loop that further enhances tumor growth or motility (e.g., CXCR8/IL8), or they may promote changes in the tumor microenvironment, acting as chemoattractants for primary immune cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells) (Figure 2) that infiltrate the growing tumor, which in turn contribute to matrix degradation, angiogenesis and increased inflammation (Borrello et al., 2005; Cavel et al., 2012; Gattelli et al., 2013).