NFKB1 and cancer: Although it is known that GR exerts anti-inflammatory action in part by antagonizing NF-κB, there is also report that stress-related pathophysiological concentrations of GCs increase DNA binding activity of NF-κB (p65 and p50) and production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, therefore promoting growth of some type of cancer cells [41–43].