AKT1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In a previous study, pemetrexed induced S-phase arrest and apoptosis in human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 and H1299 cell lines through serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) activation which stimulated Cdk2/Cyclin A-associated kinase activation and then promoted the movement of cells into the S phase44.