TGFB1 and cancer: Within the early responders and late responders modules we observe canonical TGF-β response genes, including KLF6 known to suppress growth through TGF-β transactivation40 and marker genes for EMT such as SERPINE1 and FASN. TGF-β is one of the key signal transduction pathways leading to EMT and several lines of evidence implicate increased TGF-β signaling as a key effector of EMT in cancer progression and metastasis18,19,41.