Two reviewers manually conducted a comprehensive search with a combination of the following terms: juvenile AND idiopathic AND arthritis OR juvenile AND rheumatoid AND arthritis (using the old nomenclature) AND were crossed with etanercept OR adalimumab OR infliximab OR certolizumab (pegol) OR golimumab or tumor necrosis factor AND infection. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is arthritic joint disease.