ATAD1 and infection: This is in keeping with observations suggesting that the time of first exposure to malaria or previous malaria episodes have no effect on the acquisition of antibodies to MSP1, EBA175 and VSA [27, 28], although an earlier longitudinal study of antibody to MSP1 in infants showed highly dynamic antibody responses, with generally short-lived IgG peaks that correlated with symptomatic or asymptomatic infection [47].