TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease: Lastly, Wyss-Coray et al. showed that TGF-β1 promoted microglial Aβ clearance and the reduction of plaque burden in AD mice and enhanced Aβ clearance by BV-2 microglial cells [44], suggesting a link between microglia activity, TGF-β1 release, and the neuroprotective activity of this neurotrophic factor against Aβ-induced toxicity.