Dam 4 exhibited an increase above baseline in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-16 (Fig 11D), and similar to Dam 2, peak levels of these cytokines were on day 14 post-infection with the exception of IL-15 (day 7); by 21 dpi, most cytokines had returned to baseline or were lower than peak levels. The gene discussed is IL16; the disease is infection.