Indeed, in follow-onstudies, we demonstrated that the paired combination of the defining Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ and TNF-α, could mediate in vitro many of the effects observed in vaccinated individuals including significant suppression of HER-family RTK surface expression and induced apoptotic cell death in HER family-expressing breast cancer cell lines [6]. Here, TNF is linked to breast carcinoma.