In diabetes, an enhanced expression of the NF-κB-derived cytokine TNFα in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats and mice was associated with decreased expression of myelin basic protein and with both large and small nerve fiber dysfunction, as documented by reductions in the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities and in the intraepidermal nerve fiber density in the diabetic animals [42]. This evidence concerns the gene MBP and diabetes mellitus.