Shaw & Starnbach (2008) fused two epitopes (one CD4+ T-cell epitope and one restricted epitope by MHC-I) from chicken ovalbumin (Ova) to LFn and demonstrated that this recombinant protein induced both Ova-specific CD4+ T cell and Ova-specific CD8+ T cell responses in mice. Additionally, Chandra et al. (2006) demonstrated that the anthrax toxin system can be used as an ESAT-6 delivery carrier of to induce CTL response against tuberculosis by the ability of LFn to deliver genetically fused ESAT-6 into the cytosol. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.