As Th1/Th17 cells and elevated cytokine levels (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) induced by Sema5A play an essential role in the pathogenesis of RA, these data suggest that secreted Sema5A may contribute to the development and progression of the disease [38]. The gene discussed is SEMA5A; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.