BECN1 and breast cancer: In γ-T3-treated mouse (+SA) mammary tumor cells and human (MCF-7 and MDA-MD-231) breast cancer cell lines, proautophagic proteins, such as LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Beclin-1 levels, and the corresponding increased levels of apoptotic markers including Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP, demonstrated the concurrent induction of autophagy and apoptosis [88].