Numerous studies have indicated that the activation of NLRP3 in CFs can lead to the sequential recruitment of ASC and pro-caspase-1 form the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and finally result in TGF-β1-related cardiac fibrosis [5]. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.