Behavioral performance-based measures have a distinct advantage over parent-report measures in their potential to be translated into tasks used during brain imaging studies (i.e., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalogram (EEG)) or into analogous versions to be used in studies of rodent models of FXS (i.e., FMR1 KO mouse). This evidence concerns the gene FMR1 and fragile X syndrome.