KRAS and breast carcinoma: In addition, noncanonical activation of KRAS/MAPK signaling has been shown to be regulated in breast cancer tissues by increased expression levels of EGFR, HER2, and insulin-like growth factor receptor.49, 50, 51 Furthermore, germline polymorphism in the KRAS 3′ UTR is considered a genetic marker of increased risk of TNBC progression in premenopausal women.52