A down-regulation of miR-29, which is expressed at high levels in primary cholangiocytes [50,51], has been shown to promote carcinogenesis in immortalized, but non-malignant (H69 cholangiocyte) as well as in malignant (KMCH) cholangiocarcinoma cell lines via regulating Mcl-1 expression [52]. Here, MCL1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.