TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease: Moreover, the evaluation of cytokine expression of TGF-β1signaling pathways by Western Blotting assays has not been sufficiently described.In order to determine the roles of TGF-β as a potential biomarker of ADdevelopment, a prospective study was designed to assess the expression ofTGF-β in the aortic tissues of AD patients in comparison to that of patientswith coronary artery disease (CAD) receiving coronary artery bypass grafting.