The results showed that Ki67 expression was lower in the Cis and Cis+GSK groups, especially in the cotreated group, than in the control group, while the number of tumor cells positive for cleaved Caspase 3 or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining (apoptotic markers) was mostly elevated in the Cis+GSK group (Fig. 4d); there were no significant differences in the expression of CD31 (a marker of endothelial-like cells [21]) among the different groups. The gene discussed is PECAM1; the disease is neoplasm.