More recently, Jayakumar et al. showed that ammonia-exposed astrocytes upregulate NF-κB that leads to de novo expression of SUR1-TRPM4 channels previously implicated in astrocyte swelling, and that treatment with glibenclamide to inhibit SUR1-TRPM4 significantly reduced brain edema in a rat model of acute liver failure [143]. This evidence concerns the gene ABCC8 and acute liver failure.