GDF15 and heart failure: It has been proven that GDF‐15 is a good prognostic marker for coronary heart disease and heart failure,80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 and participates in cardiac remodelling caused by primary hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ischaemic heart diseases.89, 90, 91, 92, 93 Furthermore, the increased expression of GDF‐15 inhibits norepinephrine‐induced myocardial hypertrophy by decreasing EGF receptor transactivation after norepinephrine stimulation.93 These results indicate that GDF‐15 may be a new target for treating myocardial hypertrophy.