VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) mutations or deletions are the most frequent genetic alterations in ccRCC.6, 7, 8 The Vhl gene, encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is essential for oxygen‐dependent degradation of HIFα family.9 However, in hypoxia, HIFα degradation is inhibited, leading to HIFα stabilization, increased nuclear localization of HIFα and transcription of various target genes, including the vascular endothelial growth factor.