In addition, evidence was recently presented supporting a causal relationship between heterozygous disruption of DOCK8 and mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorders, autism, and bipolar disorders (Nava et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2016; Griggs et al., 2008; Glessner et al., 2017; Krgovic et al., 2018). The gene discussed is DOCK8; the disease is pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified.