MAPK3 and cancer: Finally, the combination of CPT and AgNPs modulates the expression of various signaling molecules involved in cell survival, cell viability, cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis such as Akt1, RAF, MEK, Erk1/2, JNK, P38, NF-κB, and Cyclin D. The findings from this study suggest that combination of CPT and AgNPs at lower doses could potentially induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis without any undesired cytotoxic effects, which can increase the efficacy of two different molecules for cancer treatment.