Indeed, 93 out of 508 TCGA HNSCC tumors had detectable portions of the HPV genome using this method, and 24 of these 93 tumors had substitutions in TP53, meaning they were unlikely to be driven by viral oncogenesis due to the criteria outlined above; thus, we applied an alternate method of detecting viral sequences in RNA-Seq data that has been relied upon in previous studies [21, 39]. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.