Cactus, which is the repressor of the Toll pathway, did not present a significant expression variation (Fig. 1b), while the expression of Caspar and PIAS, repressors of the IMD and Jak-Stat pathways, increased at 48 and 12 h post-infection, respectively (Fig. 1d, f), in response to wMelPop-CLA infection. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is infection.