In patients suffering from RCC, serum hepcidin (12.55 [4.4, 24.1] ng/mL vs. 5.82 [3.9, 11.2] ng/mL, p = 0.03, Fig. 4a) as well as GDF-15 (1215 [807.8, 2151.7] pg/mL vs. 754.33 [601.3, 987.7] pg/mL, p = 0.0003, Fig. 4b) levels were significantly increased compared to control patients. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and renal cell carcinoma.