CDKN2A and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: No significant differences were detected in distant metastases, possibly because the studies were insufficiently powered.21,22,23 In ESCC, it has been reported that patients with p16-positive cancers had superior 5-year OS and PFS rates compared with patients with p16-negative cancers.24 Similarly, Kumar and colleagues25 found that ESCC patients with p16-positive tumors subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy had better complete remission rates than the p16-negative group.