GDF15 and endometrial cancer: When analyzing blood samples from endometrial cancer patients at time of primary treatment, the preoperative level of plasma GDF-15 was significantly higher for patients who later experienced recurrence (1780 ng/L; 95% CI; 518–9475 ng/L) than for patients who did not develop recurrent disease (1236 ng/L; 95% CI; 307–7030 ng/L) (p <0.001, Fig 2B).