Table 6 shows a logistic regression analysis of potential predictors of COPD development; the variables found to be significantly associated with the COPD in univariate logistic regression analysis were gender (OR = 8.16, 95% CI = 5.73-11.61, p < 0.0001), smoking (OR = 606.04, 95% CI = 83.96-4374.76, p < 0.0001), and MMP-9 protein level (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06-1.14, p < 0.0001). The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.