The purpose of the study was to evaluate on intestinal tissue IL-36α-, IL-36β-, IL-36γ-, IL-36Ra-, and IL-38 producing cells as well as gene expression in immune (cytotoxic T cells, macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells) and nonimmune cells from patients with IBD compared with noninflamed controls. Here, IL36B is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.