Additionally, Asian-specific susceptibility regions for PBC, including CD58, CD28/CTLA4, IL21-AS1, TNFSF15/TNFSF8, IL16, IL21R, CSNK2N2/CCDC113, and AATID3A, were reported in the Japanese and Chinese populations by means of GWAS and subsequent genome-wide meta-analysis with genome-wide SNP imputation (already identified PBC susceptibility loci including this study are shown in Table 1)15–17. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and primary biliary cholangitis.