MTOR and cancer: Biological outcomes were accompanied by detectable molecular effects that allowed us to recognize and confirm cancer-associated signaling pathways regulated by miR-199a-3p and miR-221.14, 15, 18, 22 In fact, the enforced expression of miR-199a-3p elicited the downregulation of mTOR and PAK4 proteins, while the suppression of miR-221 by anti-miRNA caused the upregulation of PTEN and CDKN1B.