Moreover, 50, 25 and 12.5% of T. muris-infected IL-10, IL-10Rα and IL-10Rβ mutant mice, respectively, showed extensive numbers of foamy (lipid-loaded) macrophages in their livers (S6 Fig). Because survival upon whipworm infection is similarly reduced among IL-10, IL-10Rα and IL-10Rβ mutant mice but IL-10Rα is the only subunit that is exclusively used for IL-10 signalling, we focused subsequent experiments on IL-10Rα-deficient mice. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is trichuriasis.