GH signaling normally declines with age and this reduction has been established as a risk factor for developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and frailty (Bartke et al., 2016; Barzilai et al., 2012), and sustained elevated GH signaling increases the risk for some cancers (Barzilai et al., 2012). The gene discussed is GH1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.