PAX1 and in situ carcinoma: Additionally, our previous studies found a significant association between methylated PAX1 and CIN3+ or worse in combination with HPV16/18, with sensitivities and specificities of methylated PAX1 with HPV16/18 for CIN3+ detection at 89.2% and 76.0%, respectively (Liou et al., 2016), whereas dual methylation testing for PAX1/zinc protein finger 582 (OMIM: 615600) combined with HPV‐16/18 genotyping resulted in 100% identification of carcinoma in situ or SCC (Tian et al., 2017).